2838-We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
Section 1
2838-All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipedia
Section 2
2838-The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, >HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.Note: Modified by the 14th Amendment, section 2.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. >HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse [ choose ] three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-The House of Representatives shall chuse [ choose ] their Speaker and other Officers;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.>HeritageWikipedia
Ronald Pestritto Associate Professor of Politics, Charles and Lucia Shipley Chair in American Constitution, Department of History and Political Science; Graduate School of Statesmanship
Hillsdale College
CopyX-Fld61-The Framers understood that the frequent elections for Members of the House meant that Congress as a whole would be subject to the dangers of faction, unless a ''responsible'' Senate were added to the legislature. Publius in The Federalist No. 63 agreed, and argued that the role of the Senate ensures that ''the cool and deliberate sense of the community'' prevails in Congress over the potential tyranny of momentary passions. The more advanced age of Senators and their longer period of citizenship make them better suited for the ''senatorial trust, which, requiring greater extent of information and stability of character, requires at the same time that the senator should have reached a period of life most likely to supply these advantages.'' The Federalist No. 62. Before the Constitutional Convention settled on a nine-year compromise, Gouverneur Morris had pressed for a fourteen-year period of citizenship. It would take at least that long, Morris argued, for foreigners to learn the American Constitution and its system of laws. James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, and James Wilson opposed a period of such length, arguing that it would make the Constitution too ''illiberal.''
2838-The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-The Senate shall chuse [ choose ] their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.>HeritageWikipedia
Article I Section 4
2838-The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing [ choosing ] Senators.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.Note: "be on the first Monday in December" superceded by the 20th Amendment, Section 2.>HeritageWikipedia
Article I Section 5
2838-Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.>HeritageWikipediaCases
Article I Section 6
2838-The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-They shall in all Cases, except treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.>HeritageWikipedia
Article I Section 7
2838-All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days ( Sundays excepted ) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary ( except on a question of Adjournment ) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.>HeritageWikipedia
Article I Section 8
2838-The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States;>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipedia
2838-but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and among the several States,>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-and with the Indian Tribes;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization,>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin,>HeritageWikipediaFederalist PapersCases
2838-and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist PapersCases
2838-To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-To establish Post Offices and post Roads;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and Offences against the Law of Nations;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-To declare War,>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal,>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-To provide and maintain a Navy;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;>HeritageWikipediaCases
2838-To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District ( not exceeding ten Miles square ) as may , by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; -- And>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.Note: Modified by the 16th Amendment which provided for taxing the income of individuals.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.>National Constitution CenterHeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.>HeritageCornell LawWikipediaFederalist Papers
Article I Section 10
2838-No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-or grant any Title of Nobility.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws; and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control of the Congress.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.>HeritageCornell LawWikipediaFederalist Papers
Section 1
2838-The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:>HeritageWikipedia
2838-Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.>HeritageWikipediaStatutes
2838-The Congress may determine the Time of chusing [ choosing ] the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.Note: Replaced by 25th Amendment.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: "I do solemnly swear ( or affirm ) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.">HeritageWikipedia
Section 2
2838-The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States;>HeritageWikipediaCases
2838-he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law:>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
Section 3
2838-He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union,>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed,>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
Section 4
2838-The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
Section 1
2838-The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.>Heritage
2838-The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
Section 2
2838-The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; >HeritageWikipedia
2838-to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; >HeritageWikipedia
2838-to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; >Heritage
2838-to Controversies between two or more States, >HeritageWikipedia
2838-between a State and Citizens of another State; Note: Modified by the 11th Amendment>Heritage
2838-between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.Note: Modified by the 11th Amendment>Heritage
2838-In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, >HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838- with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.>Heritage
2838-The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State; the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.>HeritageWikipedia
Section 3
2838-Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.>HeritageFederalist Papers
Section 1
2838-Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipedia
Section 2
2838-The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipedia
2838-A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.>Heritage
Section 3
2838-New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipedia
2838-The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.>HeritageWikipedia
Section 4
2838-The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive ( when the Legislature cannot be convened ) , against domestic Violence.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress;>HeritageWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.>National Constitution CenterHeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution;>HeritageCornell LawWikipediaFederalist Papers
2838-but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipedia
2838-Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth. In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipedia
2838-The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury,>HeritageWikipedia
2838-except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger;>HeritageWikipedia
2838-nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb;>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself,>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.>HeritageCornell LawWikipedia
2838-In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy>HeritageCornell Law
2838-and public trial,>HeritageCornell Law
2838-by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law,>Heritage
2838-and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation;>Heritage
2838-to be confronted with the witnesses against him;Note: Modifies Article I, section 2, clause 3>Heritage
2838-to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor,>Heritage
2838-and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.>HeritageCornell Law
2838-In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, >HeritageWikipedia
2838-and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.>National Constitution CenterHeritageWikipediaCases
2838-The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; -- the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; -- The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. -- The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.Note: Modified Article II, section 1, clause 3.Note: Superseded by the 20th Amendment, section 3.>National Constitution CenterCornell LawWikipediaStatutes
Section 1
2838-Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.Note: Supersedes Article IV, section 2, clause 3.>HeritageWikipedia Section 2
2838-Congress shall have powers to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.>HeritageWikipedia
Section 2
2838-Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.>HeritageWikipedia
Section 3
2838-No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.Note: Modifies Article I, section 2. >HeritageWikipedia
Section 4
2838-The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.>Heritage
Section 5
2838-The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.>National Constitution CenterHeritage
Section 1
2838-The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.Note: By "servitude" the authors were referring to "slavery" >HeritageWikipedia Section 2
2838-The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.>HeritageWikipedia
2838-The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
