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"Our Constitution was made only for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other."       " I believe in the American Constitution. I favor the American system of individual enterprise, and I am opposed to any general extension of Government ownership and control. "       "The Constitution is the guide which I never will abandon."       "We are under a Constitution, but the Constitution is what the judges say it is, and the judiciary is the safeguard of our liberty and our property under the Constitution."
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The Constitution of the United States of America
as currently amended

(Last amended July 7, 1992)

DeBW-1724


Overview
Courtesy U.S. Archives
DeB IncFix 28- MorC=C-"The Constitution of the United States contains a preamble and seven articles that describe the way the government is structured and how it operates. The first three articles establish the three branches of government and their powers: Legislative (Congress), Executive (office of the President,) and Judicial (Federal court system). A system of checks and balances prevents any one of these separate powers from becoming dominant. Articles four through seven describe the relationship of the states to the Federal Government, establish the Constitution as the supreme law of the land, and define the amendment and ratification processes."     U.S. Archives

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Article I
"Article I assigns the responsibility for making laws to the Legislative Branch (Congress). Congress is divided into two parts, or "Houses," the House of Representatives and the Senate. The bicameral Congress was a compromise between the large states, which wanted representation based on population, and the small ones, which wanted the states to have equal representation."    U.S. Archives


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Article I
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Article I
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      Note: "chosen by the Legislature thereof," superseded by the 17th Amendment, clause 1.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Georgetown Originalist     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

      Note: "and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies" superceded by the 17th Amendment, clause 2.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Georgetown Originalist     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

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Article I
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      Note: Superceded by selection by election by popular vote rather than by direct selection by state legislature in Amendment         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Georgetown Originalist     Miscellaneous     Cornell Law     Wikipedia

      Note: "be on the first Monday in December" superceded by the 20th Amendment, Section 2.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Georgetown Originalist     Miscellaneous     Cornell Law (more)     Wikipedia

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Article I
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Article I
Section 6    Text 2343 X
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Article I
Section 7    Text 2343 X
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Article I
Section 8    Text 2343 X
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Article I
Section 9    Text 2343 X
          DeB 2813-Note: By "Person(s)" the authors were referring to "Slave(s)"        >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Georgetown Originalist     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia     Federalist Papers

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      Note: Modified by the 16th Amendment which provided for taxing the income of individuals.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Georgetown Originalist     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

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Article I
Section 10    Text 2343 X
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Article II
"Article II details the Executive Branch and the offices of the President and Vice President. It lays down rules for electing the President (through the Electoral College), eligibility (must be a natural-born citizen at least 35 years old), and term length. The 12th and 25th Amendments modified some of these rules."    U.S. Archives


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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      Note: Replaced by 25th Amendment.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Georgetown Originalist     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

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Article II
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Article II
Section 3    Text 2343 X
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Article II
Section 4    Text 2343 X
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Article III
"Article III establishes the Judicial Branch with the U.S. Supreme Court as the federal court system's highest court. It specifies that Federal judges be appointed for life unless they commit a serious crime. This article is shorter than Articles I and II. The Federal Convention left much of the work of planning the court system to the First Congress. The 1789 Judiciary Act created the three-tiered court system in place today."    U.S. Archives


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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Article III
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Article III
Section 3    Text 2343 X
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Article IV
"Article IV outlines states' powers in relationship to each other. States have the authority to create and enforce their own laws but must respect and help enforce the laws of other states. Congress may pass Federal laws regarding how states honor other states' laws and records."    U.S. Archives


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Article IV
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Article IV
Section 3    Text 2343 X
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Article IV
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Article V
"Article V explains the amendment process, which is different and more difficult than the process for making laws. When two-thirds of the Senate and two-thirds of the House of Representatives vote to change the Constitution, an amendment goes to the state legislatures for a vote. Alternatively, two-thirds of the state legislatures can submit an application to Congress, and then Congress calls a national convention at which states propose amendments. Three-fourths of the state legislatures or state conventions must vote in favor of an amendment to ratify it."    U.S. Archives

Article V     Text

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Article VI
"Article VI states that Federal law is supreme, or higher than, state and local laws. This means that if a state law conflicts with a Federal law, Federal law takes precedence."    U.S. Archives

Article VI     Text

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Article VII
"Article VII describes the ratification process for the Constitution. It called for special state ratifying conventions. Nine states were required to enact the Constitution." New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify the Constitution on June 21, 1788. (RYC editor's note) "Rhode Island became the 13th state to ratify the Constitution in 1790."    U.S. Archives

Article VII     Text

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Bill of Rights
Courtesy U.S. Archives
"The Constitution might never have been ratified if the framers hadn't promised to add a Bill of Rights. The first ten amendments to the Constitution gave citizens more confidence in the new government and contain many of today's Americans' most valued freedoms."     U.S. Archives

"The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. It spells out Americans' rights in relation to their government. It guarantees civil rights and liberties to the individual-like freedom of speech, press, and religion. It sets rules for due process of law and reserves all powers not delegated to the Federal Government to the people or the States. And it specifies that "the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."    U.S. Archives


Amendment I
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The First Amendment provides several rights protections: to express ideas through speech and the press, to assemble or gather with a group to protest or for other reasons, and to ask the government to fix problems. It also protects the right to religious beliefs and practices. It prevents the government from creating or favoring a religion."    U.S. Archives

Amendment I     Text

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Amendment II
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Second Amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms."    U.S. Archives

Amendment II     Text

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Amendment III
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Third Amendment prevents government from forcing homeowners to allow soldiers to use their homes. Before the Revolutionary War, laws gave British soldiers the right to take over private homes."    U.S. Archives

Amendment III
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Amendment IV
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Fourth Amendment bars the government from unreasonable search and seizure of an individual or their private property."    U.S. Archives

Amendment IV     Text

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Amendment V
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Fifth Amendment provides several protections for people accused of crimes. It states that serious criminal charges must be started by a grand jury. A person cannot be tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy) or have property taken away without just compensation. People have the right against self-incrimination and cannot be imprisoned without due process of law (fair procedures and trials.)"    U.S. Archives

Amendment V     Text

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Amendment VI
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Sixth Amendment provides additional protections to people accused of crimes, such as the right to a speedy and public trial, trial by an impartial jury in criminal cases, and to be informed of criminal charges. Witnesses must face the accused, and the accused is allowed his or her own witnesses and to be represented by a lawyer."    U.S. Archives

Amendment VI     Text

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Amendment VII
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Seventh Amendment extends the right to a jury trial in Federal civil cases."    U.S. Archives

Amendment VII     Text

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Amendment VIII
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Eighth Amendment bars excessive bail and fines and cruel and unusual punishment."    U.S. Archives

Amendment VIII
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Amendment IX
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Ninth Amendment states that listing specific rights in the Constitution does not mean that people do not have other rights that have not been spelled out."    U.S. Archives

Amendment IX     Text

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Amendment X
Date Ratified: 12/15/1791
"The Tenth Amendment says that the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn't listed, it belongs to the states or to the people."    U.S. Archives

Amendment X     Text

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Amendment XI
Date Passed by Congress: 03/04/1794
Date Ratified: 02/07/1795

Amendment XI     Text

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Amendment XII
Date Passed by Congress: 12/09/1803
Date Ratified: 06/15/1804

Amendment XII     Text

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Amendment XIII
Date Passed by Congress: 01/31/1865
Date Ratified: 12/06/1865


Section 1    Text 2343 X
      Note: Supersedes Article IV, section 2, clause 3.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XIII
Section 2       >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

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Amendment XIV
Date Passed by Congress: 06/13/1866
Date Ratified: 07/09/1868


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XIV
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XIV
Section 3    Text 2343 X
      Note: Modifies Article I, section 2.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia     Statutes

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Amendment XIV
Section 4    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XIV
Section 5    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XV
Date Passed by Congress: 02/26/1869
Date Ratified: 02/03/1870


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XV
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XVI
Date Passed by Congress: 07/02/1909
Date Ratified: 02/03/1913

Amendment XVI     Text

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Amendment XVII
Date Passed by Congress: 05/13/1912
Date Ratified: 04/08/1913

Amendment XVII     Text

      Note: Supersedes portion of Article I, section 3, clause 1.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

      Note: Supercedes Article I, section 3, clause 2, final sentence.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

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Amendment XVIII
Date Passed by Congress: 12/18/1917
Date Ratified: 01/16/1919


Section 1    Text 2343 X
      Note: Repealed by the 21st Amendment.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XVIII
Section 2    Text 2343 X
      Note: Repealed by the 21st Amendment         >     Librarian of Congress     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XVIII
Section 3    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XIX
Date Passed by Congress: 06/04/1919
Date Ratified: 08/18/1920

Amendment XIX     Text

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Amendment XX
Date Passed by Congress: 03/02/1932
Date Ratified: 01/23/1933


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XX
Section 2    Text 2343 X
      Note: Modifies Article I, section 4, clause 2.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XX
Section 3    Text 2343 X
      Note: Supersedes a portion of the 12th Amendment.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XX
Section 4    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XX
Section 5    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XX
Section 6    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXI
Date Passed by Congress: 02/20/1933
Date Ratified: 12/05/1933


Section 1    Text 2343 X
      Note: Repeals the 18th Amendment         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XXI
Section 2    Text 2343 X
      Note: Repeals the 18th Amendment.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XXI
Section 3    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXII
Date Passed by Congress: 03/21/1947
Date Ratified: 02/27/1951


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXII
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXIII
Date Passed by Congress: 06/16/1960
Date Ratified: 03/29/1961


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXIII
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXIV
Date Passed by Congress: 09/14/1962
Date Ratified: 01/23/1964


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXIV
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXV
Date Passed by Congress: 07/06/1965
Date Ratified: 012/10/1967


Section 1

Amendment XXV
Section 2       Note: Modifies Article II, section 1, clause 6.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XXV
Section 3       Note: Modifies Article II, section 1, clause 6.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

Amendment XXV
Section 4       Note: Modifies Article II, section 1, clause 6.         >     Librarian of Congress     Heritage     Miscellaneous     Wikipedia

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Amendment XXVI
Date Passed by Congress: 03/23/1971
Date Ratified: 07/01/1971


Section 1    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXVI
Section 2    Text 2343 X
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Amendment XXVII
Date Passed by Congress: 09/25/1789
Date Ratified: 57/07/1992

Amendment XXVII     Text

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